Varicose veins are a pathological process characterized by an increase in the lumen of blood vessels that provide blood flow, thinning of their walls, and deformation until the formation of joints and fractures. For anatomical reasons, the disease is most commonly found in the veins of the lower extremities.
External signs of varicose veins are not an extremely aesthetic problem: "stars" vascular, extending a darker shade - only symptoms of circulatory disorders, which are filled with life -threatening consequences.
The mechanism of varicose veins development in the foot
The varicose vein development mechanism is associated with a decrease in the functionality of the venous valves. They undergo large mechanical loads, thus, under the influence of genetic factors, hormonal jumps, inflammation in the tissues of the lower extremities and loads, weaken and do not prevent the reverse flow of blood. Inflammation occurs against the backdrop of stale phenomena associated with high blood viscosity, hypodynamia or prolonged stay in a standing or sitting position.
Pressure of excess blood volume on the vein wall deforms them, depriving the functionality of the muscles and venous nerve wall, which provide its stable tone. Blood stagnation, extraordinary blood vessels and inflammation of their walls often lead to the formation of blood cell accumulations, which overlap the veins.
Therefore, the varicose veins in the legs are not a superficial problem associated with the mechanical damage to the subcutaneous vessel or temporary phenomena, but a deeper disorder of the bloodstream that developed in the patient's prone to disease under the influence of risk factors.
Disease drug therapy is intended:
In the absence of adequate treatment, what is dangerous for varicose veins of the lower extremities can become a reality for each of the patients with this disease.
In 80% of cases, women suffer from varicose veins in the legs. The main thing that is dangerous varicose veins in women is the possibility of early development of the disease due to hormonal jumps during puberty or pregnancy. When retention of the fetus, only mild therapy is possible that it does not have the teratogenic effect. Additional leg burden, lack of intense treatment and loads during effort can stimulate the worsening of the disease.
Threatens varicose veins?
As a rule, thrombophlebitis and other dangerous consequences of varicose veins occur in the 3rd stage of venous insufficiency. Symptoms of late phases of vascular failure:
Dermatitis, eczema and inflammation of the skin provoke violations of blood circulation in the limbs.
Telengiectasia is the least dangerous consequence of venous insufficiency. The condition is characterized by the appearance of vascular "nets" and "stars", which are associated with edema, leg fatigue, regular appearance of a sense of numbness and nightly seizures in the caviar. Aesthetic defect is one of the reasons why women often turn to the phlebologist in the early stages of varicose veins. In an effort to save the legs beautifully, patients take care of their health.
Subcutaneous bleeding and vein gaps
Thrombophlebitis - thrombosis against the backdrop of inflammation of the venous wall and blood stagnation in an enlarged vessel. The developed disease is characterized by compression and pain of palpation (test) of the affected vessel, as well as redness of the skin around the thrombus. Thrombophlebitis develops about 25% of patients who have diagnosed varicose veins. Blood clots that are in the surface veins have a low risk of damaging with damage to health, however, in the case of promoting a blood clot along a subcutaneous or drilled vessel, immediate hospitalization is needed.
Deep thrombosis is much more dangerous than varicose veins and thrombophlebitis. Blood clots formed in deep vessels of the lower extremities are capable of separating and blocking pulmonary arteries, which leads to death. The characteristic symptoms of deep vein thrombosis are severe limb edema that occurs in a short time, and a sharp pain in the burst in the beef or femur muscles. The spread of the pathological process in deep vessels of the lower extremities can be observed in the later stages of varicose veins.
A trophic ulcer is a profound defect of the dermis that forms in later stages due to the damaged blood flow to the surface layers of the skin. It represents a painful painful wound, which is difficult to surrender to therapy.
Varicosis of the veins of the lower extremities is one of the risk factors in the development of such pathology on other small pelvis vessels of men and women.
Medical measures against the consequences of varicose veins
Treatment of complications of varicose veins in the legs, as a rule, begins with drug therapy for primary disease.
To reduce the deformation of blood vessels, which expand due to a decrease in tone, venotonic based on hesperidine, diosmin, esculin, etc.
With inflammation of the venous walls, medicines are prescribed by the group of non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs in the form of tablets and gels. The oral reception of anti -inflammatory drugs is recommended for thrombophlebitis.
A decrease in blood viscosity is achieved by using local use of ointments with anticoagulant ingredients and oral intake of routine and methylxanthin derivatives, which have antiagragantami properties.
The superficial manifestations of varicose veins in the legs (including telangiectasia) are eliminated by sclerotherapy (adjacent to the affected ship walls using a special drug). The procedure does not cause significant damage to health and does not violate blood flow, because during rehabilitation, the function of surface veins intersects deep vessels.
With deep vein thrombosis, the rest of the bed is prescribed, intravenous administration of anticoagulants and anti -charles with blood viscosity control. Surgical treatment for deep vessel thrombosis and thrombophlebitis (including large subcutaneous veins) indicates whether there is a high risk of blocking the pulmonary artery. Treatment of trophic ulcers is aimed at stimulating wound healing and primary disease therapy.
Preventive
Preventing varicose complications includes the following measures:
Early diagnostics of varicose veins, adequate timely treatment and a decrease in the effect of risk factors prevent the development of complications of the disease. The use of minimum invasive surgical methods in some cases eliminates not only aesthetic problems but also the possibility of deteriorating the pathological process.